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Connections and signal transmission

Common video cables and connectors

  • HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): This is the most widely used standard for transferring uncompressed digital audio and video data. It is used in most household devices such as televisions, gaming consoles, computers, and DVD/Blu-ray players.
  • DVI (Digital Visual Interface): This is an older video interface than HDMI, primarily used for connecting computer monitors. It supports both digital and analog video, though analog use is less common nowadays.
  • VGA (Video Graphics Array): This is an older analog standard typically used for computer monitors and projectors. Although it is becoming less common on new devices, it is still found on many older devices.
  • DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort: This is a digital interface that can carry both audio and video signals. It is often used for connections between a computer and a monitor, especially for high-resolution displays.
  • USB-C: Although primarily used for data and power, it can also carry video signals through DisplayPort or HDMI alternate modes. It is increasingly common on new laptops and smartphones.

Other technologies

SDI Cable- Copyright Urban Cine
SDI Cable- Copyright Urban Cine
  • SDI (Serial Digital Interface): This is a professional standard for transferring uncompressed digital video. It is primarily found in video production and broadcast environments, such as television studios.
  • HDBaseT: This is a relatively new standard that allows for the transmission of uncompressed high-quality video, audio, Ethernet, controls, and even power over a single CAT5e/6 cable up to 100 meters long. It is used in professional environments such as AV installations and conference rooms.
  • NDI (Network Device Interface) is an innovative standard in the field of professional video broadcasting. Developed by NewTek, it enables the transfer of high-quality video over a local Ethernet network. Additionally, NDI supports 4K video, making it an ideal solution for broadcasting high-resolution videos. It is also capable of handling multiple video streams over a single Ethernet cable, greatly simplifying the cabling infrastructure in a video production environment.

Video stream synchronization

In a video mapping setup using a large number of projectors managed by multiple machines, video stream desynchronization can pose a significant problem.

This desynchronization occurs when the various video sources are not perfectly aligned in time, leading to inconsistent and disruptive visual effects. For example, if an animation is meant to move smoothly across multiple projectors, desynchronization could cause the animation to be ahead on one projector and behind on another. This issue can be exacerbated when multiple machines are used to control the projectors, as each machine may have slightly different performance levels, leading to slightly different processing and display times.

Additionally, network latencies, differences in video processing speeds, and variations in projector response times can all contribute to desynchronization. To address this issue, it is crucial to use software or hardware capable of precisely synchronizing video streams across multiple machines and projectors, which often requires advanced technical expertise and careful setup.

To continue

Graphic concepts: aspect ratio, resolution, layers, codecs

This guide was written by HeavyM, a company specializing in video mapping since 2013.

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